The Long Road to Equality for women
Excerpt from Susan B. Anthony's Address to Congress in 1868
After more than 100 years of struggle, women in the United States finally won the night to vote in 1920. Sulfragist Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) dedicated her life to the cause of winning the vote for women. In 1866, Anthony read an appeal to the Congress of the United States for the enfranchisement of women.
“To the Senate and House of Representatives:
1. "Woman has always had the right to property and wages, the right to make contracts and do business in her own name. And even married women, by recent legislation, have been secured in these civil rights. Woman now holds a vast amount of the property in the country, and pays her full proportion of taxes. On what principle, then, do you deny her representation?
2. “We propose no new theories. We simply ask that you secure to ALL the practical application of the immutable principles of our government, without distinction of rack, color or sex, And we urge our demand now, because you have the opportunity and the power to take this onward step in legislation. The nations of the earth stand watching and waiting to see if our Revolutionary idea, "all men are created equal," con be realized in government: Crush not, we pray you, the million hopes that hang on our success. Men and parties must pass away, but justice is eternal.
3. "The only tenable ground of representation is UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE, as it is only through Universal Suffrage that the principle of "Equal Rights to All" can be resized. All prohibitions based on race, color, sex, property, or education, are violations of the republican idea. You assume to be the representatives of 15,000,000 women - American citizens- who already possess every attainable qualification for the ballot. Women read and write, hold many offices under government, pay taxes, and the penalties of crime, and yet are allowed to exercise but the one right of petition.
4. "With man, woman shared the dangers of the Mayflower on a stormy sea, the dreary landing on Plymouth Rock, the rigors of a New England winter, and the privations of a seven years' wait. With him she bravely threw off the British yoke, felt every pulsation of his heart for freedom, and inspires the glowing eloquence that maintained it through the century. With you we have just passed through the agony and death, the resurrection and triumph of another revolution, doing all in our power to mitigate is horrors and guard its glories. And now thank you we have no souls to fire, no brains to weigh your arguments, that after education such as this, we can stand silent witnesses while you sell our birthright of liberty to save from a timely death an effete political organization? No, as we respect womanhood, we must protest against this desecration of the magna Carta of American Liberties; and with an impartiality not to be…
With him she bravely threw off the British yoke, felt every pulsation of his heart for freedom, and inspired the glowing eloquence that maintained it through the century.' How would replacing the word 'yoke' with the word 'governance' affect the meaning of this sentence?
- A. it would add urgency for Americans to replace British laws with more republican ones
- B. it would strengthen the legitimacy of the American cause against the British.
- C. it would shift the blame for starting war from the British to the early Americans.
- D. it would weaken the idea that the British acted like masters of the Americans.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D
Replacing "yoke" with "governance" would weaken the idea that the British acted like masters of the Americans. "Yoke" conveys oppression and subjugation, emphasizing the burden imposed by British rule. In contrast, "governance" suggests a more neutral or structured form of authority, diminishing the sense of tyranny inherent in the original term. Option A misinterprets the context, as urgency is not directly related to the term change. Option B incorrectly assumes that "governance" would enhance legitimacy, which it wouldn't. Option C wrongly shifts blame, as the focus remains on British oppression rather than American actions.
Replacing "yoke" with "governance" would weaken the idea that the British acted like masters of the Americans. "Yoke" conveys oppression and subjugation, emphasizing the burden imposed by British rule. In contrast, "governance" suggests a more neutral or structured form of authority, diminishing the sense of tyranny inherent in the original term. Option A misinterprets the context, as urgency is not directly related to the term change. Option B incorrectly assumes that "governance" would enhance legitimacy, which it wouldn't. Option C wrongly shifts blame, as the focus remains on British oppression rather than American actions.
Other Related Questions
How does the purpose of the email differ from the purpose of the press release?
- A. The email is written to prove to the zoning commission that wildlife would be adversely affected by the superstore, and the press release is written to remind residents that the company provides a valuable service.
- B. The email is written to request that the zoning commission address problems within the community that would be caused by the superstore, and the press release is written to bring those problems to the attention of the public.
- C. The email is written to convince the zoning commission that it should reject the proposal of a new superstore, and the press release is written to explain to residents that the company supports their needs.
- D. The email is written to ask the zoning commission to change the building specifications of the future superstore, and the press release is written to describe adjustments the corporation has made to the original plans.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Option C accurately distinguishes the purposes of the email and the press release. The email seeks to persuade the zoning commission to reject the superstore proposal, emphasizing community concerns. In contrast, the press release aims to communicate the company's commitment to meeting residents' needs, presenting a positive image. Option A misrepresents the email's intent by suggesting it focuses on proving wildlife harm, while the press release incorrectly emphasizes the company's service rather than addressing community issues. Option B conflates the email's goal of persuasion with a mere request for attention, failing to capture its advocacy nature. Option D incorrectly states the email's purpose as requesting changes to building specifications, which diverges from its focus on rejection, while the press release inaccurately describes it as merely detailing adjustments rather than addressing community concerns.
Option C accurately distinguishes the purposes of the email and the press release. The email seeks to persuade the zoning commission to reject the superstore proposal, emphasizing community concerns. In contrast, the press release aims to communicate the company's commitment to meeting residents' needs, presenting a positive image. Option A misrepresents the email's intent by suggesting it focuses on proving wildlife harm, while the press release incorrectly emphasizes the company's service rather than addressing community issues. Option B conflates the email's goal of persuasion with a mere request for attention, failing to capture its advocacy nature. Option D incorrectly states the email's purpose as requesting changes to building specifications, which diverges from its focus on rejection, while the press release inaccurately describes it as merely detailing adjustments rather than addressing community concerns.
Which phrase does the author use to support the claims made by ocean wave power proponents?
- A. ...the technology is likely to displace marine ecosystems and introduce pollutants into marine waters.'
- B. …any risk to our fragile ecosystems is too much of a risk.'
- C. …the technology does not use or waste water, but merely displaces it.'
- D. Additionally, there are several methods and locations of deployment for these devices…'
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Option C effectively supports the claims made by ocean wave power proponents by highlighting a key advantage of the technology: it does not waste water, which is crucial for environmental sustainability. This emphasizes the efficiency and eco-friendliness of ocean wave power. Option A presents a concern regarding negative impacts on marine ecosystems, which contradicts the proponents' claims. Option B expresses a cautionary stance that undermines the potential benefits of ocean wave energy. Option D, while informative, does not directly support the positive claims about the technology’s environmental impact.
Option C effectively supports the claims made by ocean wave power proponents by highlighting a key advantage of the technology: it does not waste water, which is crucial for environmental sustainability. This emphasizes the efficiency and eco-friendliness of ocean wave power. Option A presents a concern regarding negative impacts on marine ecosystems, which contradicts the proponents' claims. Option B expresses a cautionary stance that undermines the potential benefits of ocean wave energy. Option D, while informative, does not directly support the positive claims about the technology’s environmental impact.
Which sentence from the blog supports Rodriguez's claim that the Equal Protection Clause was too narrow in scope when first adopted?
- A. The Court even confirmed its prejudicial position in 1875 when it upheld state laws that extended the right to vote only to men.'
- B. Clearly, the Court was relegating as women to a second-class status.'
- C. The 14th Amendment, which was ratified in 1868, applied only to men.'
- D. This decision remained the law until ratification of the 19th Amendment, giving us women the right to vote, 45 years later.'
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A
Option A highlights the Court's 1875 decision to uphold laws that restricted voting rights to men, illustrating how the Equal Protection Clause initially failed to encompass all citizens, particularly women. This directly supports Rodriguez's argument about the clause's narrow scope. Option B, while indicating the second-class status of women, does not specifically reference the Equal Protection Clause or its limitations. Option C states that the 14th Amendment applied only to men, but it lacks context about the Court's decisions and their implications. Option D discusses the timeline of women's voting rights but does not address the initial constraints of the Equal Protection Clause.
Option A highlights the Court's 1875 decision to uphold laws that restricted voting rights to men, illustrating how the Equal Protection Clause initially failed to encompass all citizens, particularly women. This directly supports Rodriguez's argument about the clause's narrow scope. Option B, while indicating the second-class status of women, does not specifically reference the Equal Protection Clause or its limitations. Option C states that the 14th Amendment applied only to men, but it lacks context about the Court's decisions and their implications. Option D discusses the timeline of women's voting rights but does not address the initial constraints of the Equal Protection Clause.
The monologue in paragraphs 4 and 5 suggests that Don Quixote believes that Sancho
- A. fails to trust in the abilities of an experienced knight.
- B. relies on outside help rather than personal strength.
- C. prefers harmless realities to exciting adventures
- D. lacks the confidence to face a potential danger.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
The monologue in paragraphs 4 and 5 indicates that Don Quixote perceives Sancho as someone who favors the comfort of familiar, safe experiences over the thrill of adventure. This preference highlights Sancho's inclination towards stability rather than embracing the uncertainties of knightly quests. Option A is incorrect as the text does not imply that Sancho distrusts Don Quixote's abilities. Option B misinterprets Sancho’s character; he often shows resourcefulness and courage. Option D suggests a lack of confidence in facing danger, but the text emphasizes Sancho's practical nature rather than fearfulness.
The monologue in paragraphs 4 and 5 indicates that Don Quixote perceives Sancho as someone who favors the comfort of familiar, safe experiences over the thrill of adventure. This preference highlights Sancho's inclination towards stability rather than embracing the uncertainties of knightly quests. Option A is incorrect as the text does not imply that Sancho distrusts Don Quixote's abilities. Option B misinterprets Sancho’s character; he often shows resourcefulness and courage. Option D suggests a lack of confidence in facing danger, but the text emphasizes Sancho's practical nature rather than fearfulness.