ged science and practice test

A a high school equivalency exam designed for individuals who did not graduate from high school but want to demonstrate they have the same knowledge and skills as a high school graduate

Various species of birds from the genus Agaporis possess differing behaviors. These behaviors differ in a way that can be used to infer how the species are related and how they have evolved over time. For example, the three lovebird species considered to be the most primitive all build simple nests in preexisting cavities. The three middle species all build elaborate nests with tops, and one even digs out a cavity for the nest. The four modern species build cuplike nests: These nests are more complex than those built by the primitive species but less complex than those built by the middle species. William Dilger conducted an investigation to show that the nest-building behaviors of these birds were genetic rather than learned behaviors. In his investigation, Dilger used two different species of lovebird that readily mate with each other-Fischer's lovebird and the peach-faced lovebird. Fischer's lovebird is a species of moder lovebird while the peach-faced lovebird is a slightly more primitive species. Fischer's lovebird carries small pieces of nesting material in its beak. The small size of the nesting material is the reason for the simpler cuplike nests of Fischer's lovebird. The peach-faced lovebird cuts long strips of nesting material, which is then tucked into the feathers on the back of the bird. These long strips of nesting material will often fall out of the bird's feathers. However, the long strips of material allow the peach-faced lovebird to build an elaborate nest. The hybrid offspring of these two species has difficulty building nests. The hybrid offspring will cut long strips of material like its peach-faced parent. However, the hybrid offspring will attempt to carry the material in its beak and have difficulty flying. If it does attempt to place the material in the feathers of its back, the material falls out because the bird does not properly secure the material in its feathers.
Which hypothesis was Dilger testing in his experiment?
  • A. If hybrid offspring have a mixture of behaviors, then the species are within the same genus.
  • B. If a hybrid offspring carries nesting material in its beak, then it is more closely related to modern lovebirds.
  • C. If behavior in lovebirds is genetic, then a hybrid offspring will display a mixture of behaviors.
  • D. If lovebird species can interbreed, then a hybrid offspring will have a mixture of behaviors.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C

Dilger aimed to investigate the genetic basis of behavior in lovebirds, specifically focusing on whether hybrid offspring exhibit a blend of behaviors from their parent species. Option C accurately reflects this hypothesis, linking genetic inheritance to behavioral traits in hybrids. Option A incorrectly connects hybrid behavior to taxonomic classification, which is not the primary focus of Dilger’s study. Option B suggests a direct relationship between nesting material behavior and modern lovebirds, overlooking the broader genetic implications. Option D, while related to interbreeding, does not emphasize the genetic aspect of behavior, which is central to Dilger's hypothesis.

Other Related Questions

best explains the ammonia deposits found in ice core samples from the time of the Tunguska Event. The evidence that best supports the validity of this hypothesis is the-
  • A. Hypothesis 2
  • B. heat produced by fast-moving objects in the atmosphere
  • C. Hypothesis 1
  • D. match between measured and predicted amounts of ammonia
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A,D

The ammonia deposits found in ice core samples from the time of the Tunguska Event suggest a significant environmental impact. Hypothesis 2 (Option A) likely proposes a link between the event and the ammonia presence, making it relevant for explaining the deposits. Option B, which discusses heat from fast-moving objects, does not directly address ammonia production or accumulation. Hypothesis 1 (Option C) may not provide sufficient evidence or detail to support the ammonia findings. Option D highlights the alignment between measured and predicted ammonia levels, reinforcing the validity of Hypothesis 2 as it connects empirical data with theoretical expectations.
The chemical composition and energy density of four fuels are shown in the table. Ethane, which has a chemical composition of C2H6, is also a fuel. What is the predicted energy density of ethane?
Question image
  • A. 45 MJ/kg
  • B. 42 MJ/kg
  • C. 52 MJ/kg
  • D. 48 MJ/kg
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C

To determine the predicted energy density of ethane (C2H6), one can analyze its molecular structure and compare it to the energy densities of similar hydrocarbons listed in the table. Ethane, being an alkane, typically has a higher energy density due to its saturated carbon-hydrogen bonds. Option A (45 MJ/kg) is lower than expected for alkanes of similar size. Option B (42 MJ/kg) underestimates the energy density, as it does not align with the general trend for hydrocarbons. Option D (48 MJ/kg) is closer but still below the typical range for ethane. Thus, option C (52 MJ/kg) aligns with the expected energy density for ethane, reflecting its molecular composition and energy potential.
Scientists have estimated the mass of the object that caused the Tunguska Event at 5 x 10^12 kilograms (kg). If the object was a comet in which 1% of total mass was ammonia, how much ammonia did the comet contain? kg
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: 5x10^10

To find the mass of ammonia in the comet, we calculate 1% of the total mass (5 x 10^12 kg). This is done by multiplying the total mass by 0.01: 5 x 10^12 kg × 0.01 = 5 x 10^10 kg. This calculation confirms that the comet contained 5 x 10^10 kg of ammonia. Other options may result from incorrect calculations, such as misunderstanding the percentage or misapplying the multiplication. For instance, using 0.1 instead of 0.01 would yield an answer ten times larger, while failing to convert the percentage to a decimal would also lead to an incorrect figure.
What natural process is required to connect the ice core data to the Tunguska Event?
  • A. the cycling of carbon in forest fires
  • B. the interaction of comets with the solar wind
  • C. the movement of glaciers due to gravity
  • D. the constant mixing of the atmosphere
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D

Connecting ice core data to the Tunguska Event necessitates understanding atmospheric dynamics, which is achieved through the constant mixing of the atmosphere. This mixing disperses particles and gases, allowing researchers to correlate ice core samples with historical events, including the Tunguska explosion. Option A, the cycling of carbon in forest fires, is unrelated to the atmospheric conditions or the specific data derived from ice cores. Option B, the interaction of comets with the solar wind, pertains to space phenomena rather than terrestrial atmospheric processes. Option C, the movement of glaciers due to gravity, describes glacial dynamics but does not address the atmospheric mixing needed to link ice core data to the event.