Because of the rooted Spanish aristocratic prejudice against commerce and manual labor, the work of painters in the colonies of New Spain was not highly valued in the 1600s. Painting was considered an artisan activity, more physical than intellectual, much like that of tailors or blacksmiths. The persistence of guilds (trade associations), also inherited from Spain and maintaining their vitality overseas, contributed decisively to keeping such feudal beliefs about painting in force. However, the guilds and the workshop system they fostered also set the stage for the development of distinctive works of art determined by local rather than European conditions and specific to the various communities of the Hispanic American world.
The primary purpose of the passage is to:
- A. Trace the history of guilds in New Spain
- B. Criticize the Spanish beliefs about manual labor
- C. Describe some particular works of art created in New Spain in the 1600s
- D. Describe the influence of Spanish attitudes and practices on the painting of New Spain
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D
The primary focus of the passage is on how Spanish attitudes and practices shaped the artistic landscape of New Spain, specifically in painting. This influence is central to understanding the cultural exchange and evolution of art during that period. Option A is incorrect as the passage does not primarily trace the history of guilds, but rather discusses their impact on art. Option B misinterprets the passage's intent; it does not criticize Spanish beliefs but rather examines their influence on art. Option C, while mentioning art, fails to capture the broader context of Spanish influence, which is the main theme of the passage.
The primary focus of the passage is on how Spanish attitudes and practices shaped the artistic landscape of New Spain, specifically in painting. This influence is central to understanding the cultural exchange and evolution of art during that period. Option A is incorrect as the passage does not primarily trace the history of guilds, but rather discusses their impact on art. Option B misinterprets the passage's intent; it does not criticize Spanish beliefs but rather examines their influence on art. Option C, while mentioning art, fails to capture the broader context of Spanish influence, which is the main theme of the passage.
Other Related Questions
The author implies that the social sciences:
- A. are valued for their techniques
- B. can make no contribution to progress
- C. cannot deal with long-term issues
- D. may someday add to the world's knowledge
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D
The social sciences are suggested to have the potential to enhance global understanding and knowledge in the future, reflecting their evolving nature and relevance. Option A is incorrect; while techniques are important, the value of social sciences extends beyond methodologies to their insights and applications. Option B misrepresents the author's view, as the social sciences do contribute to societal progress, even if their impact may not always be immediately evident. Option C wrongly assumes that social sciences lack the capacity to address long-term issues; in fact, they often engage with complex, enduring societal challenges.
The social sciences are suggested to have the potential to enhance global understanding and knowledge in the future, reflecting their evolving nature and relevance. Option A is incorrect; while techniques are important, the value of social sciences extends beyond methodologies to their insights and applications. Option B misrepresents the author's view, as the social sciences do contribute to societal progress, even if their impact may not always be immediately evident. Option C wrongly assumes that social sciences lack the capacity to address long-term issues; in fact, they often engage with complex, enduring societal challenges.
In the first two sentences ('During'… 'alley'), scientists are presented as all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. predisposed
- B. determined
- C. inherently logical
- D. overly zealous
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
The portrayal of scientists in the first two sentences emphasizes their predisposition (A) and determination (B) in their pursuits, highlighting their commitment to discovery. Additionally, the term "overly zealous" (D) suggests an intense passion, which can also be a characteristic of scientists. However, the phrase "inherently logical" (C) is not supported in the text, as it does not imply that scientists are always guided by logic alone; emotions and biases can also influence their work. Thus, option C stands apart from the others.
The portrayal of scientists in the first two sentences emphasizes their predisposition (A) and determination (B) in their pursuits, highlighting their commitment to discovery. Additionally, the term "overly zealous" (D) suggests an intense passion, which can also be a characteristic of scientists. However, the phrase "inherently logical" (C) is not supported in the text, as it does not imply that scientists are always guided by logic alone; emotions and biases can also influence their work. Thus, option C stands apart from the others.
The main idea of Passage 1 is that academic plagiarism is:
- A. becoming a primary concern among committees that review scholars' work
- B. likely more common than it seems because suspected cases often go unreported
- C. usually undetected because the stolen materials tend to be seen by few people
- D. evolving into a source of widespread disgust among scholars at universities
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
The main idea of Passage 1 emphasizes the prevalence of academic plagiarism and its underreporting, making option B the most accurate choice. This highlights the hidden nature of the issue, suggesting that many cases go unrecognized. Option A focuses on the concern of committees, which is too narrow and does not capture the broader implications of plagiarism. Option C suggests that plagiarism is undetected due to limited visibility, but it overlooks the critical aspect of unreported cases. Option D implies a shift in emotional response among scholars, which, while relevant, does not address the fundamental issue of prevalence and reporting.
The main idea of Passage 1 emphasizes the prevalence of academic plagiarism and its underreporting, making option B the most accurate choice. This highlights the hidden nature of the issue, suggesting that many cases go unrecognized. Option A focuses on the concern of committees, which is too narrow and does not capture the broader implications of plagiarism. Option C suggests that plagiarism is undetected due to limited visibility, but it overlooks the critical aspect of unreported cases. Option D implies a shift in emotional response among scholars, which, while relevant, does not address the fundamental issue of prevalence and reporting.
As used in sentence 17, 'manipulating' most nearly means
- A. cheating
- B. using
- C. plotting with
- D. carrying out
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
In sentence 17, 'manipulating' refers to skillfully handling or controlling something, which aligns closely with the meaning of 'using.' This term emphasizes the active engagement and application of a tool or concept. Option A, 'cheating,' implies deceit and is unrelated to the neutral connotation of 'manipulating.' Option C, 'plotting with,' suggests a conspiratorial context, which does not fit the original intent. Option D, 'carrying out,' while somewhat related, lacks the nuance of skillful application inherent in 'using.' Thus, 'using' is the most accurate interpretation in this context.
In sentence 17, 'manipulating' refers to skillfully handling or controlling something, which aligns closely with the meaning of 'using.' This term emphasizes the active engagement and application of a tool or concept. Option A, 'cheating,' implies deceit and is unrelated to the neutral connotation of 'manipulating.' Option C, 'plotting with,' suggests a conspiratorial context, which does not fit the original intent. Option D, 'carrying out,' while somewhat related, lacks the nuance of skillful application inherent in 'using.' Thus, 'using' is the most accurate interpretation in this context.