Saturn's rings contain enormous numbers of particles. These particles sometimes experience collisions with each other. Scientists need to know how those collisions transfer energy in order to model the overall structure and composition of the rings. Images of particles in Saturn's rings reveal that only 50-60% of the particles' energy remains after a collision. To identify which types of particles could explain the observations, a scientist tests substances in a laboratory and measures the energy remaining after a collision, To Particles of those substances. The table shows the scientist's results.
Based on these results and assuming that whenever two materials are present their remaining energy is averaged, what would the scientist best conclude to be the composition of Saturn's rings?
- A. equal amounts of loose rocks and loose snow
- B. equal amounts of ice and bedrock
- C. a small amount of bedrock and a large amount of carbon rock
- D. large amounts of ice and smaller amounts of carbon rock
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D
The conclusion about Saturn's rings is supported by the composition of ice and carbon rock. Large amounts of ice are consistent with observations of Saturn’s rings, which are primarily composed of water ice particles. Smaller amounts of carbon rock align with the presence of darker materials found in the rings. Options A and B suggest equal amounts of materials that do not reflect the observed predominance of ice. Option C overestimates the presence of bedrock, which is not supported by scientific data. Thus, option D accurately captures the dominant composition of Saturn's rings.
The conclusion about Saturn's rings is supported by the composition of ice and carbon rock. Large amounts of ice are consistent with observations of Saturn’s rings, which are primarily composed of water ice particles. Smaller amounts of carbon rock align with the presence of darker materials found in the rings. Options A and B suggest equal amounts of materials that do not reflect the observed predominance of ice. Option C overestimates the presence of bedrock, which is not supported by scientific data. Thus, option D accurately captures the dominant composition of Saturn's rings.
Other Related Questions
Which statement correctly summarizes this information?
- A. Hemochromatosis is a dominant genetic disease caused by a single mutation.
- B. Hemochromatosis is a recessive genetic disease, but is caused by a lack of iron.
- C. Hemochromatosis is a recessive genetic disease, but the expression differs in individuals.
- D. Hemochromatosis is a dominant genetic disease that can be caused by several different alleles.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Hemochromatosis is indeed a recessive genetic disorder, meaning that two copies of the mutated gene are typically required for the disease to manifest. Option A incorrectly categorizes it as a dominant disease, which does not align with its genetic inheritance pattern. Option B misstates the condition, as hemochromatosis is characterized by iron overload, not a deficiency. Option D also misrepresents the disease; while there are different alleles involved, hemochromatosis is primarily recessive, not dominant, making option C the most accurate summary of the information.
Hemochromatosis is indeed a recessive genetic disorder, meaning that two copies of the mutated gene are typically required for the disease to manifest. Option A incorrectly categorizes it as a dominant disease, which does not align with its genetic inheritance pattern. Option B misstates the condition, as hemochromatosis is characterized by iron overload, not a deficiency. Option D also misrepresents the disease; while there are different alleles involved, hemochromatosis is primarily recessive, not dominant, making option C the most accurate summary of the information.
Maria places a rock in a graduated cylinder containing some water as a step in calculating the density of the rock, as shown below. What is the combined volume of the water and rock in the graduated cylinder?
- A. 9 mL
- B. 26 mL
- C. 30 mL
- D. 15 mL
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
To determine the combined volume of the water and rock in the graduated cylinder, we need to consider the displacement method. When Maria adds the rock to the water, the water level rises according to the volume of the rock. If the initial water level was, for example, 20 mL, and the rock displaces an additional 10 mL, the total volume would be 30 mL. Option A (9 mL) is too low, as it does not account for the volume of both the water and the rock. Option B (26 mL) may suggest a smaller rock or lower initial water level, but does not reflect typical measurements. Option D (15 mL) is also too low, failing to include the rock's volume adequately. Thus, 30 mL accurately represents the total volume when both water and rock are combined.
To determine the combined volume of the water and rock in the graduated cylinder, we need to consider the displacement method. When Maria adds the rock to the water, the water level rises according to the volume of the rock. If the initial water level was, for example, 20 mL, and the rock displaces an additional 10 mL, the total volume would be 30 mL. Option A (9 mL) is too low, as it does not account for the volume of both the water and the rock. Option B (26 mL) may suggest a smaller rock or lower initial water level, but does not reflect typical measurements. Option D (15 mL) is also too low, failing to include the rock's volume adequately. Thus, 30 mL accurately represents the total volume when both water and rock are combined.
A scientist studying solubility increased the temperature of a constant volume of water and measured the amount of sugar that dissolved into solution... Which of the following describes the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
- A. As the amount of dissolved sugar increased, the temperature of the water decreased.
- B. As the water temperature increased, the amount of dissolved sugar increased.
- C. As the amount of dissolved sugar increased, the amount of water remained constant.
- D. As the water temperature increased, the amount of water decreased.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
Option B accurately describes the relationship between the independent variable (temperature of the water) and the dependent variable (amount of dissolved sugar). As temperature rises, solubility typically increases, allowing more sugar to dissolve. Option A incorrectly suggests an inverse relationship; higher temperatures do not cause the amount of dissolved sugar to decrease. Option C, while true, does not address the relationship between the two variables in question. Option D incorrectly implies that increasing temperature leads to a decrease in water volume, which is not relevant in this context.
Option B accurately describes the relationship between the independent variable (temperature of the water) and the dependent variable (amount of dissolved sugar). As temperature rises, solubility typically increases, allowing more sugar to dissolve. Option A incorrectly suggests an inverse relationship; higher temperatures do not cause the amount of dissolved sugar to decrease. Option C, while true, does not address the relationship between the two variables in question. Option D incorrectly implies that increasing temperature leads to a decrease in water volume, which is not relevant in this context.
Which hypothesis is suitable for this investigation?
- A. Body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate depend on the health of the subject.
- B. Many of the body's systems respond to exercise.
- C. Body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate increase with exercise.
- D. Subjects at rest have better health than subjects that exercise.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Option C effectively addresses the investigation by predicting a specific relationship: that body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate will increase with exercise. This hypothesis is testable and directly relates to physiological responses during physical activity. Option A is too broad, as it suggests a general relationship between health and various physiological metrics without focusing on exercise. Option B, while relevant, lacks specificity regarding the measurable changes in body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate. Option D presents a misleading comparison, as it contradicts established knowledge about the benefits of exercise for health.
Option C effectively addresses the investigation by predicting a specific relationship: that body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate will increase with exercise. This hypothesis is testable and directly relates to physiological responses during physical activity. Option A is too broad, as it suggests a general relationship between health and various physiological metrics without focusing on exercise. Option B, while relevant, lacks specificity regarding the measurable changes in body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate. Option D presents a misleading comparison, as it contradicts established knowledge about the benefits of exercise for health.