Frederick Winslow Taylor
The following is an obituary from March 21, 1915, announcing the death of Frederick Winslow Taylor.
1 PHILADELPHIA, March 21: Frederick Winslow Tayler, originator of the modem scientific management movement, died here today from pneumonia. He was 59 years old, and was a former President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Among his numerous inventions and discoveries was the Taylor-White process of treating modem high-speed took. He was the author of articles on scientific efficiency. and installed his system in many large industrial establishments.
2 The writings and lectures of Frederic Winslow Taylor formed the basis of the recent reorganization of methods of handing labor in many of the largest industries in the country. The articles of Mr. Taylor on "Scientific Management" in 1911 had a good deal to do with giving its new, special meaning to the word "efficiency" and making it the watchword which it has become since that time.
3 One of his leading doctrines which has made a deep impression on business and industry in this country since that time is that a man who proves incompetent at one jab should be fitted in where he can give good service, instead of being discharged. His life work was chiefly devoted to the simplification of industrial processes to reduce costs and increase Outputs.
4 Mr. Taylor was born at Germantown, Philadelphia, on March 20, 1856, and was graduated from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1883. He won the doubles championship of the United States at tennis at Newport in 1881. He entered the employ of the Midvale Steel Company at Philadelphia in 1878 and was successively gang boss, assistant foreman, foreman of the machine shop, master mechanic, chief draughtsman, and chief engineer.
5 In 1889 he began his special work of re-organizing the management of
Based on the obituary, what was one result business owners could expect if they put into place Taylor's doctrines?
- A. Loyal employees
- B. Increased outputs
- C. Managers doing more work
- D. Laborers becoming company presidents
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
Implementing Taylor's doctrines, which emphasize scientific management and efficiency, would likely lead to increased outputs. These principles focus on optimizing work processes and enhancing productivity, resulting in higher production levels. Option A, loyal employees, is not a direct outcome of Taylorism; while efficiency may improve morale, loyalty is not guaranteed. Option C, managers doing more work, contradicts Taylor's aim of defining roles clearly to enhance efficiency. Option D, laborers becoming company presidents, is unrealistic within the framework of Taylor's doctrines, which prioritize specialization rather than promoting laborers to managerial positions.
Implementing Taylor's doctrines, which emphasize scientific management and efficiency, would likely lead to increased outputs. These principles focus on optimizing work processes and enhancing productivity, resulting in higher production levels. Option A, loyal employees, is not a direct outcome of Taylorism; while efficiency may improve morale, loyalty is not guaranteed. Option C, managers doing more work, contradicts Taylor's aim of defining roles clearly to enhance efficiency. Option D, laborers becoming company presidents, is unrealistic within the framework of Taylor's doctrines, which prioritize specialization rather than promoting laborers to managerial positions.
Other Related Questions
According to Cartoon 2, how were American laborers affected by foreign laborers?
- A. A larger supply of labor tends to drive down wages.
- B. A growing population tends to raise the cost of living.
- C. A growing demand for jobs tends to increase productivity.
- D. A larger labor market tends to provide better job opportunities.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A
American laborers faced wage reductions due to the influx of foreign laborers, as indicated in Cartoon 2. A larger supply of labor typically leads to increased competition for jobs, resulting in lower wages for workers. Option B incorrectly suggests that a growing population raises living costs; while this can be true, it does not directly address the impact of foreign labor on American workers' wages. Option C focuses on job demand increasing productivity, which is unrelated to the effects of foreign labor on wages. Option D claims a larger labor market provides better job opportunities, but this overlooks the wage suppression effect highlighted in the cartoon.
American laborers faced wage reductions due to the influx of foreign laborers, as indicated in Cartoon 2. A larger supply of labor typically leads to increased competition for jobs, resulting in lower wages for workers. Option B incorrectly suggests that a growing population raises living costs; while this can be true, it does not directly address the impact of foreign labor on American workers' wages. Option C focuses on job demand increasing productivity, which is unrelated to the effects of foreign labor on wages. Option D claims a larger labor market provides better job opportunities, but this overlooks the wage suppression effect highlighted in the cartoon.
As president, what power did Woodrow Wilson have to prevent Congress from raising tariffs?
- A. The power to appoint officials
- B. The power to enforce the law
- C. The power to make treaties
- D. The power to veto bills
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D
Woodrow Wilson's ability to prevent Congress from raising tariffs stemmed from his power to veto bills. This authority allowed him to reject legislation that he deemed unfavorable, including tariff increases. Option A, the power to appoint officials, does not directly influence tariff legislation. Option B, the power to enforce the law, pertains to executing laws rather than preventing their passage. Option C, the power to make treaties, relates to international agreements and has no bearing on domestic tariff policies. Thus, the veto power was the key tool Wilson could use to block tariff increases.
Woodrow Wilson's ability to prevent Congress from raising tariffs stemmed from his power to veto bills. This authority allowed him to reject legislation that he deemed unfavorable, including tariff increases. Option A, the power to appoint officials, does not directly influence tariff legislation. Option B, the power to enforce the law, pertains to executing laws rather than preventing their passage. Option C, the power to make treaties, relates to international agreements and has no bearing on domestic tariff policies. Thus, the veto power was the key tool Wilson could use to block tariff increases.
In Grand Coast, what is the opportunity cost of one unit of fish?
- A. ½ unit of timber
- B. 5 units of timber
- C. 2 units of fish
- D. 8 units of fish
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A
Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that is forgone when making a choice. In Grand Coast, if one unit of fish is produced, the opportunity cost is the amount of timber that could have been produced instead. Option A, ½ unit of timber, accurately reflects this trade-off, indicating that for each unit of fish, only half a unit of timber is sacrificed. Option B, 5 units of timber, overestimates the sacrifice, suggesting a much higher cost than what is actually incurred. Option C, 2 units of fish, misinterprets the concept, as it implies a cost in the same product rather than in timber. Option D, 8 units of fish, also incorrectly suggests a loss of the same good, failing to recognize the opportunity cost in terms of timber.
Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that is forgone when making a choice. In Grand Coast, if one unit of fish is produced, the opportunity cost is the amount of timber that could have been produced instead. Option A, ½ unit of timber, accurately reflects this trade-off, indicating that for each unit of fish, only half a unit of timber is sacrificed. Option B, 5 units of timber, overestimates the sacrifice, suggesting a much higher cost than what is actually incurred. Option C, 2 units of fish, misinterprets the concept, as it implies a cost in the same product rather than in timber. Option D, 8 units of fish, also incorrectly suggests a loss of the same good, failing to recognize the opportunity cost in terms of timber.
Which statement is true about the four countries that accepted the passengers?
- A. They had camps similar to those established by Germany.
- B. They were allies during World War II.
- C. They had Europe's largest populations prior to World War I.
- D. They each shared a border with Germany.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: B
Option B is accurate as the four countries that accepted the passengers were indeed allies during World War II, collaborating against the Axis powers. Option A is incorrect because these countries did not establish camps similar to those in Germany; instead, they provided refuge to those fleeing persecution. Option C is misleading; while some of these countries had significant populations, they were not necessarily the largest in Europe prior to World War I. Option D is false as not all of the countries shared a border with Germany, which limits the applicability of this statement.
Option B is accurate as the four countries that accepted the passengers were indeed allies during World War II, collaborating against the Axis powers. Option A is incorrect because these countries did not establish camps similar to those in Germany; instead, they provided refuge to those fleeing persecution. Option C is misleading; while some of these countries had significant populations, they were not necessarily the largest in Europe prior to World War I. Option D is false as not all of the countries shared a border with Germany, which limits the applicability of this statement.