ged science and practice test

A a high school equivalency exam designed for individuals who did not graduate from high school but want to demonstrate they have the same knowledge and skills as a high school graduate

Various species of birds from the genus Agaporis possess differing behaviors. These behaviors differ in a way that can be used to infer how the species are related and how they have evolved over time. For example, the three lovebird species considered to be the most primitive all build simple nests in preexisting cavities. The three middle species all build elaborate nests with tops, and one even digs out a cavity for the nest. The four modern species build cuplike nests: These nests are more complex than those built by the primitive species but less complex than those built by the middle species. William Dilger conducted an investigation to show that the nest-building behaviors of these birds were genetic rather than learned behaviors. In his investigation, Dilger used two different species of lovebird that readily mate with each other-Fischer's lovebird and the peach-faced lovebird. Fischer's lovebird is a species of moder lovebird while the peach-faced lovebird is a slightly more primitive species. Fischer's lovebird carries small pieces of nesting material in its beak. The small size of the nesting material is the reason for the simpler cuplike nests of Fischer's lovebird. The peach-faced lovebird cuts long strips of nesting material, which is then tucked into the feathers on the back of the bird. These long strips of nesting material will often fall out of the bird's feathers. However, the long strips of material allow the peach-faced lovebird to build an elaborate nest. The hybrid offspring of these two species has difficulty building nests. The hybrid offspring will cut long strips of material like its peach-faced parent. However, the hybrid offspring will attempt to carry the material in its beak and have difficulty flying. If it does attempt to place the material in the feathers of its back, the material falls out because the bird does not properly secure the material in its feathers.
According to the passage, which statement about hybrid lovebirds is true?
  • A. Nest-building behavior can be used to determine evolutionary relationships between lovebird species.
  • B. Hybrid lovebirds use nest-building material in ways they learn from the parents.
  • C. Nest-building behavior in hybrid lovebirds is a mixture of the parents' behaviors.
  • D. Hybrid lovebirds build complex nests using smaller pieces of nest-building material.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C

Hybrid lovebirds exhibit nest-building behavior that reflects a combination of their parents' distinct styles, showcasing the influence of both species in their hybrid traits. This blending of behaviors illustrates how hybridization can lead to unique adaptations. Option A is incorrect as the passage does not indicate that nest-building behavior is a reliable indicator of evolutionary relationships. Option B is misleading; while learning from parents is important, the focus is on the integration of behaviors rather than direct imitation. Option D is inaccurate; the passage does not mention the complexity of nests or the size of materials used, making this statement unsupported.

Other Related Questions

A 60W light bulb used .48 kilowatt hours of electricity. How long was the light bulb on?
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  • A. 0.48 hours
  • B. 28.8 hours
  • C. 0.125 hours
  • D. 8 hours
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D

To determine how long the 60W light bulb was on, we first convert the energy used from kilowatt hours to watt hours: 0.48 kWh equals 480 watt hours. Using the formula: time (hours) = energy (watt hours) / power (watts), we calculate: 480 watt hours / 60 watts = 8 hours. Option A (0.48 hours) underestimates the time significantly. Option B (28.8 hours) incorrectly suggests the bulb was on much longer than the energy consumed allows. Option C (0.125 hours) miscalculates by assuming a much higher power consumption. Only option D accurately reflects the time the bulb was on based on the energy used.
Which statement describes the motion of the object for the first 10 seconds?
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  • A. The object is moving at a constant speed.
  • B. The object is doubling its speed every two seconds.
  • C. The object is increasing its height.
  • D. The object is accelerating.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: D

The motion of the object for the first 10 seconds indicates that it is accelerating, meaning its speed is increasing over time. Option A is incorrect because constant speed implies no change in velocity, which contradicts the evidence of acceleration. Option B suggests a specific pattern of doubling speed, which is not necessarily true without further information on the object's velocity changes. Option C, while it may imply upward motion, does not capture the essential aspect of acceleration, which is a change in speed rather than just height.
Which hypothesis was Dilger testing in his experiment?
  • A. If hybrid offspring have a mixture of behaviors, then the species are within the same genus.
  • B. If a hybrid offspring carries nesting material in its beak, then it is more closely related to modern lovebirds.
  • C. If behavior in lovebirds is genetic, then a hybrid offspring will display a mixture of behaviors.
  • D. If lovebird species can interbreed, then a hybrid offspring will have a mixture of behaviors.
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: C

Dilger aimed to investigate the genetic basis of behavior in lovebirds, specifically focusing on whether hybrid offspring exhibit a blend of behaviors from their parent species. Option C accurately reflects this hypothesis, linking genetic inheritance to behavioral traits in hybrids. Option A incorrectly connects hybrid behavior to taxonomic classification, which is not the primary focus of Dilger’s study. Option B suggests a direct relationship between nesting material behavior and modern lovebirds, overlooking the broader genetic implications. Option D, while related to interbreeding, does not emphasize the genetic aspect of behavior, which is central to Dilger's hypothesis.
A diagram of a PV cell being exposed to sunlight is shown below. Click on the labels you want to select and drag them into the boxes to show the components of the PV cell.
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  • A. Phosphorus-injected layer
  • B. Boron-injected layer
  • C. Electric field
  • D. Energy
Correct Answer & Rationale
Correct Answer: A,B,C

The components of a photovoltaic (PV) cell include the phosphorus-injected layer, which serves as the n-type semiconductor, and the boron-injected layer, acting as the p-type semiconductor. Together, these layers create a junction that facilitates the movement of electrons when exposed to sunlight. The electric field between these layers is crucial for separating charge carriers, enabling electricity generation. Option D, "Energy," is not a structural component of the PV cell but rather a result of its operation. It does not represent a physical part of the cell, making it an incorrect choice.